\uff1aSQL\u4f18\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u767e\u5ea6\u6536\u5f55\u7387
\n\u5728\u767e\u5ea6\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6839\u636e\u767e\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6587\u6863\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc73\u79d2\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f430%\u7684\u8df3\u51fa\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u9875\u9762\u6e32\u67d3\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc712\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684SQL\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u767e\u5ea6SEO\u7b97\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bb2\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c42\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u6d4b\u6848\u4f8b\u663e\u793a\u53ef\u4f7f\u767e\u5ea6\u6536\u5f55\u7387\u63d0\u5347300%\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6253\u5f00\u901f\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u81f31.2\u79d2\u4ee5\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u8bca\u65ad\u57fa\u7840
\n 1.1 \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790
\n\u914d\u7f6eMySQL slow_query_log\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c0.1\u79d2\uff09\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u4f7f\u7528pt-query-digest\u5de5\u5177\u5206\u6790\uff1a
\n“`sql
\npt-query-digest -o slow_queries.html –show-indexes
\n“`
\n\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\uff1a
\n– \u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4Top10
\n– \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u503c\u22643\uff09
\n– \u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff1e5%\u7684\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n
1.2 \u7d22\u5f15\u6548\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30
\n\u4f7f\u7528EXPLAIN\u5206\u6790\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nEXPLAIN SELECT * FROM articles WHERE category_id=15 AND created_at > ‘-01-01’;
\n“`
\n\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807\uff1a
\n– Type\u5217\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u503cALL\u2192range\u2192ref\uff09
\n– Rows\u626b\u63cf\u6570\uff08\u5e94\uff1c\u603b\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\uff09
\n– Extra\u5217\uff08\u7406\u60f3\u503cUsing index\uff09<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u8fdb\u9636\u7b56\u7565
\n 2.1 \u590d\u5408\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219
\n– \u5305\u542b30%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ec4\u5408
\n– \u5b57\u6bb5\u987a\u5e8f\u9075\u5faa\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\uff08\u4e3b\u952e\uff1e\u5916\u952e\uff1e\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09
\n– \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u7d22\u5f15
\n“`sql
\nCREATE INDEX idx_user_behavior ON user_behavior
\n(log_time, user_id, action_type);
\n“`<\/p>\n
2.2 \u7d22\u5f15\u7ef4\u62a4\u673a\u5236
\n– \u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u7d22\u5f15\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nSHOW INDEX FROM orders WHERE Key_name LIKE ‘idx_’;
\n“`
\n– \u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u5efa\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u6bcf\u5468\u6267\u884c\uff09\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nANALYZE TABLE orders;
\nREPAIR TABLE orders;
\n“`<\/p>\n
\u9488\u5bf9\u5185\u5bb9\u578b\u7f51\u7ad9\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nCREATE FULLTEXT INDEX idx_content ON articles
\n(title, content) WITH PARSER ngram;
\n“`
\n\u914d\u5408MySQL 8.0\u7684ngram\u5206\u8bcd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u4e2d\u6587\u641c\u7d22\u5339\u914d\u51c6\u786e\u738742%\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u5b9e\u6218\u6280\u5de7
\n 3.1 \u5206\u9875\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316
\n\u907f\u514d\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nSELECT * FROM orders LIMIT 0, 100;
\n“`
\n\u6539\u4e3a\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nSELECT * FROM (
\n SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY user_id ORDER BY create_time DESC)
\n AS rn FROM orders
\n) AS sub
\nWHERE rn \u2264 100
\nORDER BY user_id, rn;
\n“`<\/p>\n
3.2 \u591a\u8868\u8fde\u63a5\u4f18\u5316
\n\u4f7f\u7528JOIN\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a
\n“`sql
\n\u539f\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a
\nSELECT * FROM users
\nWHERE user_id IN (SELECT order_user FROM orders WHERE payment_time > ‘-01-01’);<\/p>\n
\nSELECT u.*, o.payment_time
\nFROM users u
\nJOIN orders o
\nON u.user_id = o.order_user
\nWHERE o.payment_time > ‘-01-01’;
\n“`
\n\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u8fbe10\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
3.3 \u6a21\u7cca\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316
\n\u4f7f\u7528 LIKE ‘xxx%’\u65f6\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nCREATE INDEX idx_product_name ON products(name(200));
\nSELECT * FROM products WHERE name LIKE ‘shoe%’;
\n“`
\n\u9650\u5236\u5b57\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u4e3a200\u5b57\u7b26\uff08MySQL\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a255\uff09<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u5316
\n 4.1 \u5206\u5e93\u5206\u8868\u7b56\u7565
\n– \u6309\u65e5\u5206\u533a\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nCREATE TABLE orders (
\n id INT PRIMARY KEY,
\n order_time DATETIME,
\n user_id INT,
\n amount DECIMAL(10,2)
\n) PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(order_time)) (
\n PARTITION p VALUES LESS THAN ()
\n);
\n“`
\n– \u6309\u7528\u6237\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u8868\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nCREATE TABLE user_orders (
\n id INT PRIMARY KEY,
\n user_id INT,
\n orders JSON
\n) PARTITION BY HASH(user_id) (
\n PARTITION p0 VALUES IN (0-999999),
\n PARTITION p1 VALUES IN (1000000-1999999)
\n);
\n“`<\/p>\n
4.2 \u8bfb\u5199\u5206\u79bb\u5b9e\u8df5
\n\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u4ece\u540c\u6b65\uff1a
\n“`ini
\n[mysqld]
\nread_timeout = 30
\nslow_query_log = \/var\/log\/mysql\/slow.log
\n“`
\n\u4ece\u5e93\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a
\n“`ini
\n[mysqld]
\nread_only = On
\n“`
\n\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u4ece\u540c\u6b65\u68c0\u67e5\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nSHOW SLAVE STATUSG
\n“`<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316
\n 5.1 MySQL\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58
\n\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff1a
\n“`ini
\nquery_cache_size = 128M
\nquery_cache_type = ON
\n“`
\n\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\uff1a
\n– \u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u914d\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff09
\n– \u4f18\u5148\u7f13\u5b58\u4f4e\u9891\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e
\n– \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u7a7f\u900f\u9632\u62a4\uff08\u5e03\u9686\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff09<\/p>\n
5.2 Redis\u7f13\u5b58\u5b9e\u6218
\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u70ed\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a
\n“`python
\n \u4f7f\u7528Redis-Py\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom redis import Redis<\/p>\n
def get_hot_products():
\n r = Redis(host=’127.0.0.1′, port=6379)
\n key = ‘hot_products_{}’.format(int(time.time()))
\n if not r.exists(key):
\n \u6267\u884c\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2
\n products = db.query(“SELECT * FROM products WHERE is_hot=1”)
\n \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u6709\u6548\u671f\uff0860\u79d2\uff09
\n r.setex(key, 60, json.dumps(products))
\n return json.loads(r.get(key))
\n“`<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u4f18\u5316
\n 6.1 \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb
\n\u642d\u5efa\u76d1\u63a7\u770b\u677f\uff08\u63a8\u8350Grafana+Prometheus\uff09\uff1a
\n“`promql
\n \u76d1\u63a7\u6162\u67e5\u8be2
\nslow_query_seconds = rate(slow_query_seconds[5m]) > 0.1
\n \u76d1\u63a7\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387
\ncache hit rate = (sum(increase cache hit 5m)) \/ (sum(increase cache misses 5m) + sum(increase cache hit 5m))<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
6.2 \u4f18\u5316\u6548\u679c\u9a8c\u8bc1
\n\u901a\u8fc7A\/B\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a
\n1. \u539f\u59cb\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f43.2s\uff0c\u767e\u5ea6\u6536\u5f55\u738765%
\n2. \u4f18\u5316\u540e\u73af\u5883\uff1a
\n – \u5e73\u5747\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f41.1s\uff08\u4e0b\u964d65%\uff09
\n – \u767e\u5ea6\u6536\u5f55\u7387\u63d0\u5347\u81f3215%
\n – \u65e5\u5747PV\u589e\u957f280%<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848
\n 7.1 \u7d22\u5f15\u8fc7\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898
\n\u8868\u73b0\uff1a\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u91cf\uff1e\u8868\u884c\u6570\u768410%
\n\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nSHOW INDEX FROM ordersG
\nSELECT
\n Key_name,
\n IF(Records > 1000000, ‘\u9ad8\u5371’,
\n IF(Using_index=’Using where’, ‘\u4e2d\u5371’, ‘\u4f4e\u5371’))
\nFROM information_schema indexes
\nWHERE Table_name = ‘orders’;
\n“`<\/p>\n
7.2 \u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53
\n\u9519\u8bef\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nBEGIN;
\nUPDATE orders SET status=’paid’ WHERE id=1001;
\nUPDATE stock SET count=count-1 WHERE product_id=500;
\nCOMMIT;
\n“`
\n\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\uff1a
\n“`sql
\nBEGIN;
\nUPDATE orders SET status=’paid’, paid_time=NOW() WHERE id=1001
\nFOR UPDATE;
\nUPDATE stock SET count=count-1 WHERE product_id=500 AND count>0;
\nCOMMIT;
\n“`<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u672a\u6765\u6280\u672f\u6f14\u8fdb
\n 8.1 NewSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u8df5
\n\u91c7\u7528TiDB\u5b9e\u73b0HTAP\uff1a
\n“`sql
\n— \u6df7\u5408\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406
\nCREATE TABLE htap orders (
\n id INT PRIMARY KEY,
\n user_id INT,
\n amount DECIMAL(10,2),
\n INDEX idx_user (user_id)
\n) ENGINE = TiDB;<\/p>\n
— \u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u5206\u6790
\nCREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_orders
\nAS SELECT user_id, SUM(amount) AS total FROM htap_orders GROUP BY user_id;
\n“`<\/p>\n
8.2 \u9694\u79bb\u67b6\u6784\u5b9e\u8df5
\n\u91c7\u7528\u8bfb\u5199\u5206\u79bb+\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u4e09\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\uff1a
\n“`
\n\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42 \u2192 Redis\u7f13\u5b58 \u2192 MySQL\u4e3b\u5e93\uff08\u5199\uff09 \u2192 MySQL\u4ece\u5e93\uff08\u8bfb\uff09
\n“`
\n\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff1a
\n“`ini
\n[mysqld]
\nread_replication = On
\n“`<\/p>\n
\uff1a\u6301\u7eed\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4ef7\u503c
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0a\u8ff012\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u67d0\u7535\u5546\u7f51\u7ad9\u57283\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a
\n– \u767e\u5ea6\u6536\u5f55\u91cf\u4ece120\u4e07\u63d0\u5347\u81f3420\u4e07
\n– \u5e73\u5747\u6253\u5f00\u901f\u5ea6\u4ece4.3\u79d2\u964d\u81f31.2\u79d2
\n– \u6bcf\u6708\u8282\u7701\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6210\u672c28\u4e07\u5143
\n\u5efa\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f18\u5316SOP\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a
\n1. \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u6790\uff08\u7b2c1\u5468\uff09
\n2. \u7d22\u5f15\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff08\u7b2c2\u5468\uff09
\n3. \u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08\u7b2c3\u5468\uff09
\n4. \u6027\u80fd\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u7b2c4\u5468\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\uff1aSQL\u4f18\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u767e\u5ea6\u6536\u5f55\u7387 \u5728\u767e\u5ea6\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6839\u636e\u767e\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6587\u6863\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc73\u79d2\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f430%\u7684\u8df3\u51fa\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[3666,1037,3665,847,1228],"class_list":["post-1382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-19","tag-from","tag-id","tag-orders","tag-sql","tag-user"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1382","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1382"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1382\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1382"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1382"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topklus.com\/seo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1382"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}